英语翻译3.Price supports and acreage limitations cost society more than the dollar cost of these programs because the higher price that results in either case will reduce quantity demanded and hence consumer surplus,leading to a deadweight loss b

英语翻译3.Price supports and acreage limitations cost society more than the dollar cost of these programs because the higher price that results in either case will reduce quantity demanded and hence consumer surplus,leading to a deadweight loss b
英语翻译
3.Price supports and acreage limitations cost society
more than the dollar cost of these programs because the
higher price that results in either case will reduce quantity
demanded and hence consumer surplus,leading to a
deadweight loss because the farmer is not able to capture
the lost surplus.Giving the farmers money does not result in
any deadweight loss,but is merely a redistribution of surplus
from one group to the other.
4.This can be explained as an instance of third-degree
price discrimination.In order to use the model of third-
degree price discrimination presented in the text,we need to
assume that the costs of producing car options is a function
of the total number of options produced and the production
of each type of options affects costs in the same way.For
simplicity,we can assume that there are two types of option
packages,“luxury” and “basic,” and that these two types of
packages are purchased by two different types of consumers.
In this case,the relationship across product types MR1 =
MR2 must hold,which implies that:
P1 /P2 = (1+1/E2) / (1+1/E1)
where 1 and 2 denote the luxury and basic products types.
This means that the higher price is charged for the package
with the lower elasticity of demand.Thus the pricing of
automobiles can be explained if the “luxury” options are
purchased by consumers with low elasticities of demand
relative to consumers of more “basic” packages.

英语翻译3.Price supports and acreage limitations cost society more than the dollar cost of these programs because the higher price that results in either case will reduce quantity demanded and hence consumer surplus,leading to a deadweight loss b
3.Price支持和面积的限制,社会成本
以上这些计划的成本,因为美元
较高的价格,在任何案件审判结果的数量将减少
要求,因此消费者剩余,导致
无谓损失,因为农民无法捕捉
失去的盈余.给农民的钱不会导致
任何无谓的损失,但只不过是重新分配盈余
从一组到其他.
4.This可以解释为第三实例度
价格歧视.为了使用第三模型
价格歧视案文提出的,我们需要
假定生产汽车选择的成本是函数
对生产的选项和生产总数
每种类型的选择会影响以同样的方式成本.为了
简单,我们可以假设有两种类型的选择
包,“奢侈”和“基本”,而这两种类型的
包购买两种不同类型的消费者.
在这种情况下,跨产品类别的关系MR1 =
MR2型必须持有,这意味着：
小一/小二=（1 +1 / E2类）/（1 +1 /素E1）
其中1和2开列探访豪华和类型的基础产品.
这意味着更高的价格为包费用
与需求弹性较低.因此,定价
汽车可以解释,如果“奢侈”的选项
消费者购买的低需求弹性
相对于更多的消费者“基本”的包.