英语翻译Marketing is an integrated communications-based process through which individuals and communities discover that existing and newly-identified needs and wants may be satisfied by the products and services of others.Marketing is defined by

英语翻译Marketing is an integrated communications-based process through which individuals and communities discover that existing and newly-identified needs and wants may be satisfied by the products and services of others.Marketing is defined by
英语翻译
Marketing is an integrated communications-based process through which individuals and communities discover that existing and newly-identified needs and wants may be satisfied by the products and services of others.
Marketing is defined by the American Marketing Association as the activity,set of institutions,and processes for creating,communicating,delivering,and exchanging offerings that have value for customers,clients,partners,and society at large.[1] The term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to market,as in shopping,or going to a market to buy or sell goods or services.
Marketing practice tends to be seen as a creative industry,which includes advertising,distribution and selling.It is also concerned with anticipating the customers' future needs and wants,which are often discovered through market research.Seen from a systems point of view,sales process engineering views marketing as a set of processes that are interconnected and interdependent with other functions[2],whose methods can be improved using a variety of relatively new approaches.
Marketing is influenced by many of the social sciences,particularly psychology,sociology,and economics.Anthropology and neuroscience are also small but growing influences.Market research underpins these activities.Through advertising,it is also related to many of the creative arts.The marketing literature is also infamous for re-inventing itself and its vocabulary according to the times and the culture.
In the early 1960s,Professor Neil Borden at Harvard Business School identified a number of company performance actions that can influence the consumer decision to purchase goods or services.Borden suggested that all those actions of the company represented a “Marketing Mix”.Professor E.Jerome McCarthy,also at the Harvard Business School in the early 1960s,suggested that the Marketing Mix contained 4 elements:product,price,place and promotion.
Product:The product aspects of marketing deal with the specifications of the actual goods or services,and how it relates to the end-user's needs and wants.The scope of a product generally includes supporting elements such as warranties,guarantees,and support.
Pricing:This refers to the process of setting a price for a product,including discounts.The price need not be monetary; it can simply be what is exchanged for the product or services,e.g.time,energy,or attention.Methods of setting prices optimally are in the domain of pricing science.

英语翻译Marketing is an integrated communications-based process through which individuals and communities discover that existing and newly-identified needs and wants may be satisfied by the products and services of others.Marketing is defined by
楼主,你说的应该是英译汉吧?翻完了,你检查一下.
营销是个一沟通为基础的完整过程.在此过程中,个人和团体会发现现存和新生需求可以通过产品和各种形式的服务来满足.
营销一词是由美国营销组织定义的.它是一整套机构,包括生产、信息沟通、邮递、交换,以满足对消费者、客户、顾客、合作者以及普通社会有价值的需求.其形式是由最原始文字意义上的形式发展而来,即去市场,买商品,或者去市场买卖物品或服务.
营销活动被倾向于认为是一个创造性的工业,它包含了广告,分配商品以及销售.它还包括对消费者消费前景的预测,而这是在市场研究成果上得出的.从一个系统的角度上来看,销售工艺学认为营销是一套相互关联的不可分割的功能部分的有机组合进程,其方式可以通过一系列相对较新的方法改良.
营销受很多社会科学的影响,特别是心理学,社会学和经济学.人类学和神经系统科学虽然影响较小,但是其影响正在增强.市场研究巩固了这些活动.通过广告,它还涉及很多创造性的艺术.市场文学也因为自身的根据时代和文化不断反复变化而声名狼藉.
早在二十世纪60年代,哈佛商学院的Neil Borden教授指出一批公司的行销模式可以影响消费者购买商品或者服务意愿.Neil Borden教授认为这些公司及其行为象征了“混合营销”.而同时期同一个学院的E.Jerome McCarthy教授指出这种混合营销包含了产品、价格、低点以及促销四个因素.
产品：产品以其客观的货物或者服务为其表象的特点,它与终端客户的需求有关.产品的范围通常包括诸如合同、契约以及维护等因素.
价格：这个过程是指给货物定价的过程,包括折扣.价格不仅仅是用货币衡量,它可以是可以用来交换货物或者服务的时间、能量或者是注意力.最佳定价的方法隶属于一门叫做定价学的学科.