英语翻译1 IntroductionThe largest heavy metal polluted area in the northern hemisphere is situated in NW Russia in the Kola Peninsula where the area of forest death is 600–1000 km^2(Oleksyn and Innes 2000).Another large area is found in Sudbury

英语翻译1 IntroductionThe largest heavy metal polluted area in the northern hemisphere is situated in NW Russia in the Kola Peninsula where the area of forest death is 600–1000 km^2(Oleksyn and Innes 2000).Another large area is found in Sudbury
英语翻译
1 Introduction
The largest heavy metal polluted area in the northern hemisphere is situated in NW Russia in the Kola Peninsula where the area of forest death is 600–1000 km^2(Oleksyn and Innes 2000).Another large area is found in Sudbury,Canada,where mining and smelting activities have created 170 km^2 of barren land (Winterhalder 2000).In Finland,the largest heavy metal polluted areas are situated around Tornio,NW Finland,and Harjavalta,SW Finland (Kubin et al.2000),where the area of forest death is less than 1 km^2(Salemaa et al.2001).
The effects of heavy metals on ecosystems havebeen widely studied.Research in the Sudburyregion started in 1970’s (Hutchinson and Whitby1974,Whitby and Hutchinson 1974).Recently intensive research have been done in the Kola Peninsula where the contamination (Lindrooset al.1996,Nikonov et al.2001),the effects on vegetation (Nojd et al.1996,Nojd and Reams 1996) and insects (Kozlov et al.2000,Kozlov and Whitworth 2002) have been studied.Numer-ous fi eld experiments have been established to study the remediation of heavy metal polluted landscape.Remediation agents such as zeolites (Vangronsveld et al.2000),lime (Malkonen etal.1999),sewage sludge (Kelly and Tate 1998),gravel sludge (Krebs et al.1999),compost and beringite mixture (Vangronsveld et al.1996,2000) and compost and woodships mixture (Kiik-kila et al.2001) have been found to ameliorate soil.The only large-scale attempt to remediate a heavy metal polluted landscape has been in Sudbury,where more than 30 km^2of barren land has been revegetated after liming and fertilising(Winterhalder 1996).
The Harjavalta region is one of the most inten-sively studied heavy metal polluted areas.This article reviews the work on heavy metal deposi-tion and the effects of pollution on the forest eco-system around Harjavalta that has been published in scientifi c journals since 1975.First,studies on vegetation damage,and the effects on the nutrient cycle,mediated by microbiota and soil animals,are reviewed.Next,studies on herbivorous insects and pathogens,vegetation resistance mecha-nisms,and the effects of pollution on birds are reviewed.Finally,the remediation experimentsare reviewed.The aim is to outline the extent to which the metal pollution affects the ecosystem.

英语翻译1 IntroductionThe largest heavy metal polluted area in the northern hemisphere is situated in NW Russia in the Kola Peninsula where the area of forest death is 600–1000 km^2(Oleksyn and Innes 2000).Another large area is found in Sudbury
1引言重金属污染面积最大的是位于北半球在俄罗斯西北部科拉 半岛面积在600-1000平方公里的森林死亡(AJOleksyn格伦斯尼斯和2000年).另一大面积发现萨德佰加拿大 那里开采和冶炼活动创造了170平方公里不毛之地(winterhalder2000).芬兰最大的重金属污染的地方位于tornio左右,北芬兰、尔塔、 芬兰短波(kubin等.2000),那里的森林面积小于1公里死亡平方公尺(salemaa等.2001).重金属对生态系统的影响havebeen广泛学习.在sudburyregion研究始于70年代(钦森和whitby1974,whitby和钦森1974).最近的研究已经做了科拉半岛的污染(lindrooset基地.1996年 nikonov等.2001),对植被(nojd等.1996年 nojd和厚厚1996)和昆虫(Capon等.2000年Capon和Whitworth2002)进行了研究.直观三公轧制实验研究已经确定修复重金属污染景观.修复剂如沸石(vangronsveld等.2000),石灰(malkonen0621.3.1999),污泥(凯利和行李1998),砂石污泥(布雷布斯等.1999),堆肥、混合beringite(vangronsveld等.1996,2000),堆肥和woodships合剂(kiik-Kila等.2001)被发现 改善土壤.唯一大规模试图补救重金属污染已萨德佰景观、 凡超过30公里立方公尺83.3%不毛之地已植被后黎明和施肥(winterhalder1996).该地区是世界上最尔塔强度-复垦研究重金属污染的地方.本文工作重金属淤积要害和效果污染对森林生态系统约尔塔 已发表在科学更期刊自1975 首先,研究植被破坏、对养分循环和土壤介微型动物,评述.接下来,研究昆虫和草食病原体,抵抗机制的植被-108/、污染影响鸟类综述.最后,修复experimentsare审查.的目标是在多大程度上金属污染对生态环境造成影响.